[1]Prefabrication is by no means a new idea, but in the past, unimaginative uniformity in design, together with limited materials, led to natural distaste for this form of construction. Recent years, however, have produced a revolution in this field, as a result of new techniques, wider ranges of materials and a far more variety in the shapes and sizes of prefabricated units. In fact, nowadays, there remains very little in the world of building and civil engineering that cannot be constructed effectively and attractively by means of prefabricated units.
[1]預(yù)制結(jié)構(gòu)并非新構(gòu)想，但是在過(guò)去，由于在設(shè)計(jì)上嚴(yán)重缺乏統(tǒng)一規(guī)格，再加上 材料有限，自然就使得這種施工方式不受歡迎。然而近年來(lái)，由于新技術(shù)的出現(xiàn)，材料 的選擇范圍更加廣泛，以及預(yù)制構(gòu)件的形狀、型號(hào)多種多樣，致使這一領(lǐng)域發(fā)生了一場(chǎng)革命。事實(shí)上，在今天的工業(yè)與民用建筑中，幾乎所有的施工都能采用預(yù)制構(gòu)件達(dá)到高 效而完美的效果。
[2]Generally speaking, prefabricated construction in relation to building is divided into two classes. Where the prefabricated units are entirely or almost entirely produced in a factory and transported to the site, the method of construction is known as factory industrialized building or system building. On the other hand, if the component parts are mainly produced by the contractor in a yard adjacent to the site, it is known as on-site industrialized building.
[2]-般來(lái)說(shuō)，與建筑物相關(guān)的預(yù)制裝配式結(jié)構(gòu)分為兩種。若預(yù)制構(gòu)件完全或幾乎 完全由工廠生產(chǎn)，并被運(yùn)到施工現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，這種施工方式就是工業(yè)化建筑方式，或稱為系統(tǒng) 建筑方式。另一方面，如果組裝構(gòu)件主要是由承包人在施工現(xiàn)場(chǎng)附近的場(chǎng)地制作出來(lái)的，這種方法被稱為現(xiàn)場(chǎng)工業(yè)化建筑。
[3]Many large building contractors have developed their own organizations of system building for houses and flats, and have often been successful in securing contracts in direct competition with traditional building.
[3]許多大建筑承包商已建立了他們自己的房屋系統(tǒng)建筑機(jī)構(gòu)，他們常常在同傳統(tǒng) 的建筑業(yè)直接的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中在中標(biāo)方面獲得成功。
[4]The main advantage of factory industrialized building is that the prefabrication units can be produced to a very high standard of precision and a consistently high quality. Consequently, the tolerance margins, which are so necessary in traditional building methods, can be greatly reduced. Of course, careful planning and diligent supervision by the designer, together with the utmost standardization, are essential to attain these objectives. The working conditions in a factory are far more amenable than those on a site, and this permits continuous production. Since unskilled labor is mainly employed in the production of the units, construction should prove to be less costly.
[4]工業(yè)化建筑的主要優(yōu)點(diǎn)是相當(dāng)精確、始終高質(zhì)量地生產(chǎn)預(yù)制構(gòu)件。因而，傳統(tǒng)建筑中必要的容許界限就可以大大減小。當(dāng)然，要達(dá)到這些0標(biāo)，設(shè)計(jì)者細(xì)心的規(guī)劃，精心的監(jiān)理以及最大程度的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化都是必不可少的。在工廠里，工作條件比施工現(xiàn)場(chǎng)更 容易控制，從而保證生產(chǎn)的持續(xù)性。由于在構(gòu)件的生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中對(duì)雇傭的工人技術(shù)水平要求不高，因而施工費(fèi)用會(huì)有所降低。
[5]To gain the maximum advantage from this system, there must always be clear liaison between the factory and site organizations. The units should be delivered precisely when they are required and site manpower and plant should be ready to incorporate them into the construction on their arrival. The failure of proper co-ordination only results in unnecessary delay, which defeats the principle object of this method.
[5]為獲得最大程度的收益，構(gòu)件制造廠與現(xiàn)場(chǎng)施工的各部門(mén)需保持聯(lián)絡(luò)暢通。在需要這些預(yù)制構(gòu)件的時(shí)候，應(yīng)準(zhǔn)時(shí)無(wú)誤地運(yùn)至現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，使現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的人力、設(shè)備與這些構(gòu)件馬上投入運(yùn)作。如果不能良好的合作，必須將導(dǎo)致不必要的拖延工期，這會(huì)使預(yù)制裝配施工方法難以實(shí)現(xiàn)其主要目標(biāo)。
